Where Is Alabama?On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was going home from work on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She took a seat in the middle of the bus, at the front of the section where Black people were allowed to sit. At the time in Alabama and across many parts of the United States, Black people had to use different parts of businesses, restaurants, and buses. They had separate drinking fountains and bathrooms from white people. This is called segregation.
Parks, like many people in the United States, wanted this unfair system to change. She signed up to vote even though she had to pass a test and pay extra money. She joined the NAACP, a group that protested racism and violence. In 1943, Parks volunteered as the secretary of the Montgomery NAACP. In 1955, the Montgomery NAACP was thinking about taking the city to court over the rules that said Black people had to ride in the back of city buses. Parks had been part of the talks, but she hadn’t planned the lawsuit would be about her.
The bus filled up that day, and all the seats were taken. The driver told Parks to stand so that a white passenger could have her seat. Parks was done with giving in. She told the driver no. The driver said he’d have her arrested. Parks told him, “You may do that.”
Parks’s arrest sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Starting on December 5, the NAACP and other local groups asked their members not to spend their money to ride the city buses. More than thirty thousand Black Alabamians joined in. Instead, people walked or gave one another rides. A local attorney sued the bus companies. The Montgomery Bus Boycott lasted 381 days, until the US Supreme Court ruled that segregating buses was illegal.
The boycott was one of the first mass protests of the civil rights movement. Rosa Parks was one of the Alabamians who led the way.
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